 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 140 seats in the Kerala Legislative Assembly 71 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnout | 77.53% ( 2.27 pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
The 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 16 May 2016 to elect 140 MLAs to the 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly.
Voter turnout was 77.53%, up from 75.12% in the previous election.[2] The result was declared on 19 May 2016. The Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), won the election, defeating the incumbent United Democratic Front (UDF), led by the Indian National Congress (INC), which could only win 47 seats in the election.[3] Pinarayi Vijayan was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 25 May.
Background[edit | edit source]
The tenure of the members of the Legislative Assembly in the state was to end on 31 May 2016.[4] As per the voters list published on 14 January 2016, there were around 2.60 crore (26 million) eligible voters including 6.18 lakh (618,000) new voters in the age group 18โ21. Elections to the 140-member assembly were held in 21,498 polling stations set up at 12,038 locations.[5] There were 500 model polling stations.[6] Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) programme was undertaken in Kerala to raise voter awareness.[7]
| Group of voters | Voters population |
|---|---|
| Male | 12,510,580 |
| Female | 13,508,702 |
| Third gender | 2 |
| Total voters | 26,019,284 |
2,065 Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) units were used by the Election Commission in 1,650 polling stations in 12 constituencies. VVPAT were not used in Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Wayanad and Kasaragod districts.[8][9][10] The Election Commission launched several mobile apps.[6]
| Assembly constituencies of Kerala having VVPAT facility with EVMs[8] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Kannur | Kozhikode North | Malappuram |
| Palakkad | Thrissur | Kottayam |
| Alappuzha | Kollam | Vattiyoorkkavu |
| Nemom | Ernakulam | Thrikkakkara |
Parties and coalitions[edit | edit source]
There are two major political coalitions in Kerala. The Left Democratic Front (LDF) is the coalition of the left-wing and far-left parties, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). The United Democratic Front (UDF) is the coalition of centrist and centre-left parties led by the Indian National Congress.
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)[edit | edit source]
Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| Party | Flag | Symbol | Photo | Leader | Seats contested | Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 
|
|
 |
Kodiyeri Balakrishnan | 90 | 78 | 12 | |
| Communist Party of India | 
|
|
 |
Kanam Rajendran | 25 | 21 | 4 | |
| Janata Dal (Secular) | _flag_(1).svg){kind=small}
|
|
 |
Mathew T. Thomas | 5 | 4 | 1 | |
| Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy | 
|
|
4 | 4 | 0 | |||
| Nationalist Congress Party | 
|
File:Indian Election Symbol Clock.png |  |
T. P. Peethambaran | 4 | 4 | 0 | |
| Janadhipathya Kerala Congress | 
|
 |
Francis George | 4 | 4 | 0 | ||
| Indian National League | 
|
|
S. A. Puthiya Valappil | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
| Kerala Congress (B) |
|
|
R. Balakrishna Pillai | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas) |
|
 |
Skariah Thomas | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Communist Marxist Party (Aravindakshan) | 
|
|
K. R. Aravindakshan | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) | 
|
Kovoor Kunjumon | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Congress (Secular) | _Flag.png){kind=small}
|
|
 |
Kadannappalli Ramachandran | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
United Democratic Front (Kerala)[edit | edit source]
United Democratic Front (Kerala)
| Party | Flag | Symbol | Photo | Leader | Contesting Seats | Male Candidates | Female Candidates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indian National Congress (Indira) | 
|
|
 |
V. M. Sudheeran | 87 | 78 | 9 | |
| Indian Union Muslim League | 
|
|
 |
24 | 24 | 0 | ||
| Kerala Congress (Mani) |
|
|
 |
K. M. Mani | 15 | 15 | 0 | |
| Janata Dal (United) | _Flag.svg){kind=small}
|
|
|
M. P. Veerendra Kumar | 7 | 7 | 0 | |
| Revolutionary Socialist Party |
|
|
 |
A. A. Aziz | 5 | 5 | 0 | |
| Communist Marxist Party |
|
|
C. P. John | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Kerala Congress (Jacob) |
|
|
Anoop Jacob | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
National Democratic Alliance[edit | edit source]
| Party | Flag | Symbol | Photo | Leader | Contesting Seats | Male Candidates | Female Candidates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bharatiya Janata Party | File:BJP flag.svg | File:Lotos flower symbol.svg |  |
P. S. Sreedharan Pillai | 98 | 88 | 10 | |
| Bharath Dharma Jana Sena | 
|
|
 |
Thushar Vellappally | 36 | 35 | 1 | |
| Kerala Congress (Thomas) |
|
.svg)
|
 |
P. C. Thomas | 4 | 4 | 0 | |
| Janadhipathya Samrakshana Samithi (Rajan Babu) |
|
A. N. Rajan Babu | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha | 
|
|
 |
C. K. Janu | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Left United Front[edit | edit source]
| Party | Flag | Symbol | Photo | Leader | Seats contested | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revolutionary Marxist Party |
N. Venu |
10 | 9 | 1 | |||
| Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)[11] | 
|
C. K. Lukose | 32 | 27 | 5 | ||
| Marxist Communist Party of India (United) |
M. Rajan |
Parties not in any coalition[edit | edit source]
| Party | Flag | Symbol | Photo | Leader | Contested Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party of India[12] | 
|
|
K. M. Ashraf | 88 | ||
| Bahujan Samaj Party | 
|
|
J. Sudhakaran | 74 | ||
| Peoples Democratic Party | 
|
Abdul Nasar Madani | 60 | |||
| Welfare Party of India[13][14] |  [15]
|
Hameed Vaniyambalam | 41 | |||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Red Star | .svg)
|
M. K. Dasan | 18 | |||
| Shiv Sena | 
|
M.S. Bhuvanachandran | 16 | |||
| Samajwadi Party | 
|
|
N. O. Kuttappan | 9 | ||
| All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 
|
|
A. L. Pradeep | 7 | ||
| Ambedkarite Party of India | 5 | |||||
| Indian Gandhiyan Party | 3 | |||||
| Kerala Janatha Party | 3 | |||||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation | 
|
|
Dipankar Bhattacharya | 1 | ||
Opinion polls[edit | edit source]
| When conducted | Ref | Polling organisation/Agency | Sample size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDF | LDF | OTH | |||||||
| Seats | Vote % | Seats | Vote % | seats | Vote % | ||||
| March 2016 | [16] | C-FORE for Asianet News[17] | 15778 | 55โ62 | 37% | 75โ82 | 41% | 3โ5 | 18% |
| March 2016 | [18] | India TV C-Voter | N/A | 49 | N/A | 89 | N/A | 2 | N/A |
| April 2016 | [19] | Mathrbhumi News โ Axis My India | N/A | 66โ72 | 42% | 68โ74 | 45% | 0โ2 | 10% |
| 23 April 2016 | [20] | Asianet News โ C4 Election Survey | 50000 | 56โ62 | 37% | 75โ81 | 40% | 3โ5 | 18% |
| May 2016 | [21] | Mars agency | 7020 | 70โ75 | N/A | 63โ67 | N/A | 0 | N/A |
| May 2016 | [22] | IMEG Opinion Poll | 60000 | 50โ57 | N/A | 83โ90 | N/A | 0 | N/A |
| May 2016 | [23] | People TV โ CES Survey | 17460 | 51โ59 | 40.6% | 81โ89 | 43.1% | 0โ3 | 14.1% |
Exit polls[edit | edit source]
| Agency | LDF | UDF | Others | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Times Now-C Voter | 74โ82 | 54โ62 | 0โ8 | [24] |
| India Today-Axis | 88โ101 | 38โ48 | 1โ7 | [25] |
| News Nation | 67โ71 | 68โ72 | 0โ2 | [26] |
| Today's Chanakya | 75ยฑ9 | 57ยฑ9 | 8ยฑ5 | [27] |
Election Day[edit | edit source]
Voting took place on 16 May 2016 in all 140 Legislative Assembly Constituencies. The final turnout was 77.35%.[28]
| Districts | Voter Turnout | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District wise map of Kerala | District | % | ||
|
Kasaragod | 78.51 | ||
| Kannur | 80.63 | |||
| Wayanad | 78.22 | |||
| Kozhikode | 81.89 | |||
| Malappuram | 75.83 | |||
| Palakkad | 78.37 | |||
| Thrissur | 77.74 | |||
| Ernakulam | 79.77 | |||
| Idukki | 73.59 | |||
| Kottayam | 76.90 | |||
| Alappuzha | 79.88 | |||
| Pathanamthitta | 71.66 | |||
| Kollam | 75.07 | |||
| Thiruvananthapuram | 72.53 | |||
| Total | 77.35 | |||
Results[edit | edit source]
The Left Democratic Front won in a landslide in terms of seats, winning 91 out of 140 seats in the legislature. The incumbent UDF front was defeated and was reduced to 47 seats. The NDA, and independent P. C. George won one seat each.
By alliance[edit | edit source]
| LDF | SEATS | UDF | SEATS | NDA | SEATS | Other | SEATS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPI(M) | 58 | INC | 22 | BJP | 1 | P. C. George (IND) | 1 | ||||
| CPI | 19 | IUML | 18 | BDJS | 0 | ||||||
| JD(S) | 3 | KC(M) | 6 | KEC | 0 | ||||||
| NCP | 2 | KC(J) | 1 | JRS | 0 | ||||||
| IND | 5 | JD(U) | 0 | JSS (Rajan Babu) | 0 | ||||||
| C(S) | 1 | RSP | 0 | ||||||||
| KC(B) | 1 | ||||||||||
| NSC | 1 | ||||||||||
| CMP | 1 | ||||||||||
| KC | 0 | ||||||||||
| JKC | 0 | ||||||||||
| INL | 0 | ||||||||||
| Total | 91 | Total | 47 | Total | 1 | Total | 1 | ||||
| Change | +23 | Change | -25 | Change | +1 | Change | +1 | ||||
P.C. George, who contested as an independent candidate from Poonjar, joined the NDA on a later date.
By region[edit | edit source]
| Region wise map of Kerala | Region | Total Seats | UDF | LDF | NDA | OTH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
North Kerala | 32 | 8 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
| Central Kerala | 55 | 25 | 30 | 0 | 0 | |
| South Kerala | 53 | 14 | 37 | 1 | 1 |
By district[edit | edit source]
| District wise map of Kerala | District | Total Seats | UDF | LDF | NDA | OTH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Kasaragod |
5 |
2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Kannur |
11 |
3 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Wayanad |
3 |
1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kozhikode |
13 |
2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Malappuram |
16 |
12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Palakkad |
12 |
3 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thrissur |
13 |
1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ernakulam |
14 |
9 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Idukki |
5 |
2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kottayam |
9 |
6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
| Alappuzha |
9 |
1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Pathanamthitta |
5 |
1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kollam |
11 |
0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thiruvananthapuram | 14 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 0 | |
| Total |
140 |
47 | 91 | 1 | 1 | |
Results by party[edit | edit source]
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Candidates | Won | |||||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 5,365,472 | 26.7 | 84 | 59 | ||||
| Indian National Congress | 4,794,793 | 23.8 | 87 | 21 | ||||
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 2,129,726 | 10.6 | 98 | 1 | ||||
| Communist Party of India | 1,643,878 | 8.2 | 25 | 19 | ||||
| Indian Union Muslim League | 1,496,864 | 7.4 | 23 | 18 | ||||
| Kerala Congress (Mani) | 807,718 | 4.0 | 15 | 5 | ||||
| Bharath Dharma Jana Sena | 795,797 | 4.0 | 36 | 0 | ||||
| Independents (LDF) |
487,510 | 2.4 | 8 | 4 | ||||
| Janata Dal (United) | 296,585 | 1.5 | 7 | 0 | ||||
| Janata Dal (Secular) | 293,274 | 1.5 | 5 | 3 | ||||
| Nationalist Congress Party | 237,408 | 1.2 | 4 | 2 | ||||
| Independents (IND) | 220,797 | 1.1 | 420 | 1 | ||||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party | 216,071 | 1.1 | 5 | 0 | ||||
| Kerala Congress (Democratic) | 157,584 | 0.78 | 4 | 0 | ||||
| National Secular Conference | 130,843 | 0.65 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist) | 75,725 | 0.38 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai) | 74,429 | 0.37 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Kerala Congress (Jacob) | 73,770 | 0.37 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Communist Marxist Party (Aravindakshan) | 64,666 | 0.32 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Congress (Secular) | 54,347 | 0.27 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Total | 20,232,718 | 100.00 | 1,203 | 140 | ||||
| Valid votes | 20,232,718 | 99.97 | ||||||
| Invalid votes | 6,107 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 20,238,825 | 77.53 | ||||||
| Abstentions | 5,866,244 | 22.47 | ||||||
| Registered voters | 26,105,069 | |||||||
Results by constituency[edit | edit source]
Notable performances of other candidates
01.P.C.George won from Poonjar Constituency with a margion 27821 votes[29]
By-elections[edit | edit source]
| Year | Constituency | District | UDF candidate | Party | Votes | LDF candidate | Party | Votes | NDA candidate | Party | Votes | Winner | Margin | Previous Winning Alliance | Winning Alliance | Winning party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | Vengara | Malappuram | K.N.A. Khader | IUML | 65227 | P.P.Basheer | CPI(M) | 41917 | K Janachandran | BJP | 5728 | K.N.A. Khader | 24123 | UDF | UDF | IUML |
| 2018 | Chengannur | Alappuzha | D.Vijayakumar | INC | 46347 | Saji Cherian | CPI(M) | 67303 | P. S. Sreedharan Pillai | BJP | 35270 | Saji Cherian | 20956 | LDF | LDF | CPI(M) |
| 2019 | Manjeshwaram | Kasaragod | M. C. Kamaruddin | IUML | 65407 | M Shankara Rai | CPI(M) | 38233 | Ravisha Thanthri Kuntar | BJP | 57484 | M. C. Kamaruddin[30] | 7923 | UDF | UDF | IUML |
| 2019 | Pala | Kottayam | Jose Tom Pulikunnel[31] | UDF Independent | 51194 | Mani C. Kappan | NCP | 54137 | N.Hari | BJP | 18044 | Mani C. Kappan[32][33][34] | 2943 | UDF | LDF | NCP |
| 2019 | Vattiyoorkavu | Thiruvananthapuram | K. Mohan Kumar[35] | INC | 40365 | V. K. Prasanth | CPI(M) | 54830 | Adv S Suresh | BJP | 27453 | V. K. Prasanth | 14465 | UDF | LDF | CPI(M) |
| 2019 | Konni | Pathanamthitta | P Mohanraj | INC | 44146 | K. U. Jenish Kumar | CPI(M) | 54099 | K. Surendran | BJP | 39786 | K. U. Jenish Kumar | 9953 | UDF | LDF | CPI(M) |
| 2019 | Aroor | Alappuzha | Shanimol Usman | INC | 69356 | Manu C. Pulikkal | CPI(M) | 67277 | K.P.Prakash Babu | BJP | 16289 | Shanimol Usman | 2079 | LDF | UDF | INC |
| 2019 | Ernakulam | Ernakulam | T. J. Vinod | INC | 37891 | Adv. Manu Roy | LDF Independent | 34141 | C.G.Rajagopal | BJP | 13351 | T. J. Vinod | 3750 | UDF | UDF | INC |
No by-election is conducted for Kuttanad and Chavara
Assembly seat sharing post โ bye election results:
| UDF | LDF | NDA | Vacant Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| 45 | 91 | 1 | 2 |
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- โ "Pinarayi Vijayan kicks off election campaign". The Times of India.
- โ "Final voter turnout in Kerala is 77.53 percent". ABP Live. 17 May 2016. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
- โ "As it happened: TMC, AIADMK retain power; BJP takes Assam, Left Kerala". Hindustan Times. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
- โ "Upcoming Elections in India". Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- โ "Model code of conduct comes into force in Kerala". @businessline. 4 March 2016.
- โ 6.0 6.1 "2.56 crore voters to cast ballot in Kerala: EC". 4 February 2016 โ via Business Standard.
- โ "Higher turnout attributed to SVEEP". The Hindu. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- โ 8.0 8.1 "ECI introduces voter audit trail for first time in Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram News โ Times of India". The Times of India. 23 February 2016.
- โ Pillai, R. Ramabhadran (6 March 2016). "Paper trail for voting in select segments". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- โ "VVPAT usage in 64 seats in 5 states Schedule for the General Elections to the Legislative Assemblies of Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Puducherry" (PDF).
- โ "เดเดธเตเดฏเตเดธเดฟเด(เดเดฎเตเดฎเตเดฏเตเดฃเดฟเดธเตเดฑเตเดฑเต) เดเตเดฐเดณเดคเตเดคเดฟเตฝ 32 เดฎเดฃเตเดกเดฒเดเตเดเดณเดฟเตฝ เดฎเดคเตเดธเดฐเดฟเดเตเดเตเด". Kerala.sucicommunist.org.
- โ alantechnologies.net. "SDPI. 34 เดธเตเดฅเดพเดจเดพเดฐเตเดฅเดฟเดเดณเต เดชเตเดฐเดเตเดฏเดพเดชเดฟเดเตเดเต | mangalam.com". Mangalam.com. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- โ "Clipping of Mathrubhumi Printing and Publishing โ Palakkad". Digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- โ "21 เดฎเดฃเตเดกเดฒเดเตเดเดณเดฟเดฒเต เดตเตเดฒเตเดซเตเดฏเดฐเต เดชเดพเดฐเตเดเตเดเดฟ เดธเตเดฅเดพเดจเดพเดฐเตเดฅเดฟเดเดณเดพเดฏเดฟ". Madhyamam.com. 6 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
- โ "Common Symbol for Welfare Party in Kerala Legislative Assembly Election โ 2016" (PDF). Eci.nic.in.
- โ Ltd, Asianet News Network Pvt. "Asianet News: เดเดทเตเดฏเดพเดจเตเดฑเตเดฑเต เดจเตเดฏเตเดธเต เดธเตเดซเตเดฐเต เดธเดฐเตเดตเตเดตเต, เดธเดเดธเตเดฅเดพเดจเดคเตเดคเต เดญเดฐเดฃเดคเตเดคเตเดเดฐเตเดเตเด เดเดฃเตเดเดพเดตเดฟเดฒเตเดฒเตเดจเตเดจ เดตเตเดฏเดเตเดคเดฎเดพเดฏ เดธเตเดเดจ". Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd. Archived from the original on 20 February 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- โ "Kerala pre-poll survey: BJP to get 3โ5 seats with 18% vote-share". The Indian Express. 19 February 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- โ "Assembly Election Result 2016, Assembly Election Schedule Candidate List, Assembly Election Opinion/Exit Poll Latest News 2016". Infoelections.com. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- โ "Mathrubhumi News survey predicts slender majority for LDF โ Kerala Assembly Polls". Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
- โ "เดเตเดฐเดณเดคเตเดคเดฟเดฒเต เดเดเดคเตเดฎเตเดจเตเดจเดฃเดฟ เด เดงเดฟเดเดพเดฐเดคเตเดคเดฟเดฒเตเดคเตเดคเตเดฎเตเดจเตเดจเต เดเดทเตเดฏเดพเดจเตเดฑเตเดฑเต เดจเตเดฏเตเดธเต, เดธเดฟ เดซเตเดฐเต เดธเดฐเตเดตเตเดตเต". Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- โ "UDF will retain power in Kerala, predicts survey". Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
- โ "2016 Kerala Assembly Election โ IMEG Opinion Poll Results โ Institute for Monitoring Economic Growth". Imegkerala.org. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- โ "เดเตเดฐเดณเด เดเตเดตเดชเตเดชเดฟเดจเต เดตเดฐเดฟเดเตเดเตเดฎเตเดจเตเดจเต เดชเตเดชเตเดชเดฟเตพ เดเดฟเดตเดฟ-เดธเตเดจเตเดฑเตผ เดซเตเตผ เดเดฒเดเตเดเดฑเตฝ เดธเตเดฑเตเดฑเดกเตเดธเต เด เดญเดฟเดชเตเดฐเดพเดฏ เดธเตผเดตเต; เดเตฝเดกเดฟเดเดซเดฟเดจเต 81โ89 เดธเตเดฑเตเดฑเต; เดฏเตเดกเดฟเดเดซเดฟเดจเต 51โ59; เดเตปเดกเดฟเดเดฏเตเดเตเดเต เดฎเตเดจเตเดจเต เดธเตเดฑเตเดฑเต เดตเดฐเต เดเดฟเดเตเดเดพเด". Kairalinewsonline.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- โ "Exit polls: BJP unseats Congress in Assam, LDF ousts UDF in Kerala; Mamata retains WB, Jaya goes from TN". The Indian Express. 16 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
- โ "India Today-Axis Exit Poll: Jaya to lose Tamil Nadu, BJP sweeps Assam, Mamata to retain Bengal". India Today. 16 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
- โ "NN Exit Poll predicts win for Mamata in WB, Jaya 1st choice for CM in TN; BJP to take Assam, close fight between UDF-LDF in Kerala". Newsnation.in. 16 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
- โ "Kerala Elections 2016 โ Exit Poll". 18 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- โ "2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election Results Constituency Wise". Indiancrux.info. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.
- โ "Poonjar Assembly Election 2016 Latest News & Results". India.com.
- โ "Manjeshwaram Bypolls: UDF Candidate MC Kamarudheen Kick-starts Election Campaign| Mathrubhumi News" โ via YouTube.
- โ "Pala bye-election: UDF candidate to contest under 'pineapple' symbol, not 'two leaves'". The News Minute. 8 September 2019.
- โ "By Election results live: Election results of Hamirpur, Pala, Dantewada, Badarghat". The Times of India. 27 September 2019.
- โ "Pala, Dantewada, Hamirpur Election Results Updates: LDF wins in Kerala Congress bastion after 54 years; BJP secures win in UP bypoll". Firstpost. 27 September 2019.
- โ "By-Election Result 2019: Left Wins Kerala Assembly Seat After Decades Of Congress-Led UDF Rule". NDTV.com.
- โ "K Mohan Kumar to contest for congress from Vattiyoorkavu". 26 September 2019 โ via YouTube.
- โ "#PoMoneModi: Angry Kerala responds to PM Modi's Somalia comparision". 12 May 2016.