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ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ

ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯄꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯗꯒꯤ

ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯟꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯷꯴꯴ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ (꯲꯰꯱꯸) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯣ-ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯹꯴% ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯵ ꯃꯨꯛ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯵꯰ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ, ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ, ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯖꯔꯃꯟ, ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯫ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯈꯨꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯤ(ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯟ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ) ꯫

ꯏꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ[ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ | ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ]

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯈꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫

Name ISO-639 Classification L1 speakers
(in Europe) 		L1+L2 speakers
(in Europe) 		Official status (national)ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn Official status (regional)
Abkhaz ab Northwest Caucasian, Abazgi 113,000[꯱] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Adyghe ady Northwest Caucasian, Circassian 117,500[꯲] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Albanian(Shqip)
Arbëresh
Arvanitika
 sq Indo-European 5,367,000[꯳]
5,877,100[꯴] (Balkans)		 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flagꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Sicily, as Arbëresh), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Ulcinj)
Arbëresh aae Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk 260,000 in 1976
100,000 native speakers in 2007[꯵]		 380,000[꯶][꯷][꯸][꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag,[꯱꯰] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, (Italy)
Arvanites aat Indo-European, Albanian, Tosk 200,000 Peloponnese, Attica and Boeotia
Aragonese an Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian 25,000[꯱꯱] 55,000[꯱꯲] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Spain)ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn
Aromanian rup Indo-European, Romance, Eastern 114,000[꯱꯳] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Asturian (Astur-Leonese) ast Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian 351,791[꯱꯴] 641,502[꯱꯴] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flagꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn
Austro-Bavarian bar Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Bavarian 14,000,000[꯱꯵] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (as German)
Avar av Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic 760,000 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Azerbaijani az Turkic, Oghuz 500,000[꯱꯶] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Bashkir ba Turkic, Kipchak 1,221,000[꯱꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Basque eu Basque 750,000[꯱꯸] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag: Basque Autonomous Community (Spain, official), Navarre (Spain, official in the Basque-speaking and mixed parts of the region), French Basque Country (France, not official)
Belarusian be Indo-European, Slavic, East 3,300,000[꯱꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Bosnian bs Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian 2,500,000[꯲꯰] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flagꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Breton br Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic 206,000[꯲꯱] None, de facto status in ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (France)
Bulgarian bg Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern 7,800,000[꯲꯲] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flagicon image Mount Athos (Greece)
Catalan ca Indo-European, Romance, Western, Occitano-Romance 4,000,000[꯲꯳] 10,000,000[꯲꯴] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Spain), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Spain), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Spain), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Spain)ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn, Pyrénées-Orientales (France)ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn, Alghero (Italy)
Chechen ce Northeast Caucasian, Nakh 1,400,000[꯲꯵] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag & ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Chuvash cv Turkic, Oghur 1,100,000[꯲꯶] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Cimbrian cim Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Bavarian 400[꯲꯷]
Cornish kw Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic 557[꯲꯸] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (United Kingdom)
Corsican co Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian 30,000[꯲꯹] 125,000[꯲꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (France), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Italy)
Crimean Tatar crh Turkic, Kipchak 480,000[꯳꯰] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Croatian hr Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian 5,600,000[꯳꯱] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Austria)
Czech cs Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech–Slovak 10,600,000[꯳꯲] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Danish da Indo-European, Germanic, North 5,500,000[꯳꯳] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Denmark), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Germany)[꯳꯴]
Dutch nl Indo-European, Germanic, West 22,000,000[꯳꯵] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
English en Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian, Anglic 63,000,000[꯳꯶] 260,000,000[꯳꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Erzya myv Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Mordvinic 120,000[꯳꯸] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Estonian et Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic 1,165,400[꯳꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Extremaduran ext Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian 200,000[꯴꯰] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Spain)
Faroese fo Indo-European, Germanic, North 66,150[꯴꯱] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Denmark)
Finnish fi Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic 5,400,000[꯴꯲] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Franco-Provençal (Arpitan) arp Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance 140,000[꯴꯳] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Italy)
French fr Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl 71,500,000[꯴꯴] 135,000,000[꯳꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag[꯴꯵] (Italy), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (United Kingdom), El Pas de la Casa (Andorra)
Frisian fry frr stq Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian 470,000[꯴꯶] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Netherlands), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Germany)[꯴꯷]
Gagauz gag Turkic, Oghuz 140,000[꯴꯸] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Moldova)
Galician gl Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian 2,400,000[꯴꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Spain), Eo-Navia (Asturias)ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn, Bierzo (Province of León)ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn and Western Sanabria (Province of Zamora)ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Refn
German de Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German 97,000,000[꯵꯰] 170,000,000[꯳꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag[꯵꯱] (Italy)
Georgian ka kartvelian 3700000[꯵꯲] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Greek el Indo-European, Hellenic 11,000,000[꯵꯳] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Himara, Finiq, Dervican and other southern townships)
Hungarian hu Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric 13,000,000[꯵꯴] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Austria), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Serbia), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Icelandic is Indo-European, Germanic, North 330,000[꯵꯵] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Ingrian izh Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic 120[꯵꯶] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Ingush inh Northeast Caucasian, Nakh 300,000[꯵꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Irish ga Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic 240,000[꯵꯸] 1,300,000 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (United Kingdom)
Istriot ist Indo-European, Romance 900[꯵꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Istro-Romanian ruo Indo-European, Romance, Eastern 1,100[꯶꯰] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Italian it Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian 65,000,000[꯶꯱] 82,000,000[꯳꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flagicon Istria County (Croatia), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flagicon Slovenian Istria (Slovenia)
Italiot Greek mis Indo-European, Hellenic, Greek, Attic-Ionic 20,000 Native speakers in 1981[꯶꯲] 50,000 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag[꯶꯳] (Bovesia), ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag[꯶꯴] (Salento), (Italy)
Judeo-Italian itk Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian 250[꯶꯵] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Greece)
Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino) lad Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian 320,000[꯶꯶] few[꯶꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Kabardian kbd Northwest Caucasian, Circassian 530,000[꯶꯸] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag & ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Kalmyk xal Mongolic 80,500[꯶꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Karelian krl Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic 36,000[꯷꯰] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Karachay-Balkar krc Turkic, Kipchak 300,000[꯷꯱] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag & ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Kashubian csb Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic 50,000[꯷꯲] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Kazakh kk Turkic, Kipchak 1,000,000[꯷꯳] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Komi kv Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Permic 220,000[꯷꯴] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Russia)
Latin la Indo-European, Italic, Latino-Faliscan extinct few[꯷꯵] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Latvian lv Indo-European, Baltic 1,750,000[꯷꯶] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Ligurian lij Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic 500,000[꯷꯷] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Italy)
Lithuanian lt Indo-European, Baltic 3,000,000[꯷꯸] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag
Lombard lmo Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic 3,600,000[꯷꯹] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Italy)
Low German (Low Saxon) nds wep Indo-European, Germanic, West 1,000,000[꯸꯰] 2,600,000[꯸꯰] ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Flag (Germany)[꯸꯱]
  1. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  2. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  3. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  4. ↑ Albanian. Retrieved on 12 December 2018 ꯫ Population total of all languages of the Albanian macrolanguage.
  5. ↑ Albanian, Arbëreshë.
  6. ↑ Toso, Fiorenzo (2006). in Baldini & Castoldi: Lingue d'Europa. La pluralità linguistica dei Paesi europei fra passato e presente, 90.
  7. ↑ (2004) in P. Bruni: Arbëreshë: cultura e civiltà di un popolo.
  8. ↑ Ethnologue: Albanian, Arbëreshë.
  9. ↑ "Currently there are about fifty Albanian-speaking centres in Italy, with a population estimated to be around 100,000, though there are no precise figures for the actual numbers of Italo-Albanians. The most recent precise figure is given in the census for 1921; the number of Albanian speakers was 80,282, far fewer than the 197 thousand mentioned in the study of A. Frega of 1997."

    Albanian Cultural Profile. Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italia.
  10. ↑ https://www.consiglioregionale.calabria.it%2Fupload%2Ftesticoordinati%2FLR%252015-2003(TC).doc&usg=AOvVaw3b_0rnoUMKe_LqDmReh8QK
  11. ↑ [১] Report about Census of population 2011 of Aragonese Sociolinguistics Seminar and University of Zaragoza
  12. ↑ Más de 50.000 personas hablan aragonés. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015 ꯫
  13. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  14. ↑ ꯱꯴.꯰ ꯱꯴.꯱ III Sociolinguistic Study of Asturias (2017). Euskobarometro.
  15. ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  16. ↑ Total population 24 million, c. 130,000 in Dagestan, c. 400,000 in Azerbajjan's Quba-Khachmaz region, technically in Europe (being north of the Caucasus watershed). In addition, there are about 0.5 million speakers in immigrant communities in Russia, see #Immigrant communities. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  17. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  18. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Fr icon VI° Enquête Sociolinguistique en Euskal herria (Communauté Autonome d'Euskadi, Navarre et Pays Basque Nord) (2016).
  19. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  20. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  21. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  22. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  23. ↑ Catalan.
  24. ↑ Informe sobre la Situació de la Llengua Catalana | Xarxa CRUSCAT. Coneixements, usos i representacions del català..
  25. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  26. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  27. ↑ German dialect, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  28. ↑ UK 2011 Census
  29. ↑ ꯲꯹.꯰ ꯲꯹.꯱ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  30. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  31. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  32. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  33. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  34. ↑ recognized as official language in Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Flensburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde (§ 82b LVwG)
  35. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  36. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  37. ↑ ꯳꯷.꯰ ꯳꯷.꯱ ꯳꯷.꯲ ꯳꯷.꯳ Europeans and their Languages ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Webarchive, Data for EU27, published in 2012.
  38. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  39. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  40. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  41. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  42. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  43. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  44. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  45. ↑ Le Statut spécial de la Vallée d'Aoste, Article 38, Title VI. Region Vallée d'Aoste. Retrieved on 2 May 2014.
  46. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  47. ↑ recognized as official language in the Nordfriesland district and in Helgoland (§ 82b LVwG).
  48. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  49. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  50. ↑ includes: bar Bavarian, cim Cimbrian, ksh Kölsch, sli Lower Silesian, vmf Mainfränkisch, pfl Palatinate German, swg Swabian German, gsw Swiss German, sxu Upper Saxon, wae Walser German, wep Westphalian, wym Wymysorys, yec Yenish, yid Yiddish; see German dialects.
  51. ↑ STATUTO SPECIALE PER IL TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE (1972), Art. 99–101.
  52. ↑ https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kat/
  53. ↑ 11 million in Greece, out of 13.4 million in total. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  54. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  55. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  56. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  57. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  58. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  59. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  60. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  61. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  62. ↑ N. Vincent, Italian, in B. Comrie (ed.) The world's major languages, London, Croom Helm, 1981. pp. 279-302.
  63. ↑ Consiglio regionale della Calabria.
  64. ↑ Archived copy.
  65. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  66. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  67. ↑ SIL Ethnologue: "Not the dominant language for most. Formerly the main language of Sephardic Jewry. Used in literary and music contexts." ca. 100k speakers in total, most of them in Israel, small communities in the Balkans, Greece, Turkey and in Spain.
  68. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  69. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  70. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  71. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  72. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  73. ↑ About 10 million in Kazakhstan. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18. Technically, the westernmost portions of Kazakhstan (Atyrau Region, West Kazakhstan Region) are in Europe, with a total population of less than one million.
  74. ↑ 220,000 native speakers out of an ethnic population of 550,000. Combines Komi-Permyak (koi) with 65,000 speakers and Komi-Zyrian (kpv) with 156,000 speakers. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  75. ↑ Contemporary Latin: People fluent in Latin as a second language are probably in the dozens, not hundreds. Reginald Foster (as of 2013) estimated "no more than 100" according to Robin Banerji, Pope resignation: Who speaks Latin these days?, BBC News, 12 February 2013.
  76. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  77. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  78. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  79. ↑ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  80. ↑ ꯸꯰.꯰ ꯸꯰.꯱ 2.6 million cited as estimate of all Germans who speak Platt "well or very well" (including L2; 4.3 million cited as the number of all speakers including those with "moderate" knowledge) in 2009. Heute in Bremen. „Ohne Zweifel gefährdet“. Frerk Möller im Interview, taz, 21. Februar 2009. However, Wirrer (1998) described Low German as "moribund".Jan Wirrer: Zum Status des Niederdeutschen. In: Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik. 26, 1998, S. 309. The number of native speakers is unknown, estimated at 1 million by SIL Ethnologue. ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18, ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:E18
  81. ↑ The question whether Low German should be considered as subsumed under "German" as the official language of Germany has a complicated legal history. In the wake of the ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (1998), Schleswig-Holstein has explicitly recognized Low German as a regional language with official status (§ 82b LVwG).
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